Ants are among the most diverse and successful organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to having over 15,000 described species, this single family of insects can make up over 1/4 of the animal biomass in the tropics where they act as scavengers, top-predators, herbivores, and engage in a variety of mutualisms. Our research capitalizes on the developmental and ecological flexibility of ants to investigate how polymorphism and specialization within complex societies contribute to their ecological success.